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According to parapsychologists and spiritualists, an apport is the paranormal transference of an article from one place to another, or an appearance of an article from an unknown source that is often associated with poltergeist activity or spiritualistic séances.〔( Historical Terms Glossary ) (Parapsychological Association, retrieved Sept 6, 2007).〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kentucky Paranormal Research ) "An apport is any object the spirits or the medium makes disappear or teleports to another location."〕 The ''Skeptic's Dictionary'' states that apports reported during seances are likely the result of magic tricks.〔(Apport ) (entry in the Skeptic's Dictionary by Robert Todd Carroll, retrieved June 19, 2008).〕 A famous apport fraud is attributed to Charles Bailey (1870-1947). During a séance, Bailey produced two live birds out of thin air but was undone when the dealer who sold him the birds appeared in the crowd. Common objects that are produced are stones, flowers, perfumes, and animals. These objects are said to be "gifts" from the spirit(s).〔J. Gordon Melton. (2007). ''The Encyclopedia of Religious Phenomena''. Visible Ink Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-1578592098〕 In March 1902 in Berlin, police officers interrupted a séance of the apport medium Frau Anna Rothe. Her hands were grabbed and she was wrestled to the ground. A female police assistant physically examined Rothe and discovered 157 flowers as well as oranges and lemons hidden in her petticoat. She was arrested and charged with fraud.〔Corinna Treitel. (2004). ''A Science for the Soul: Occultism and the Genesis of the German Modern''. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0801878121〕 After a trial lasting six days she was sentenced to eighteen months imprisonment.〔(Trial Of German Medium Frau Rothe )〕 In 1926 the Heinrich Melzer was exposed as a fraud as he was caught in the séance room with small stones attached to the back of his ears by flesh coloured tape.〔E. Clephan Palmer. (2003). ''The Riddle of Spiritualism''. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 35-39. ISBN 978-0766179318〕 According to Terence Hines "Some female mediums went so far as to conceal in their vagina or anus objects to be "apported" during the seance and gauzy fabric that would become "ectoplasm" during the seance. These were places that Victorian gentlemen, no matter how skeptical, were highly unlikely to ask to search."〔Terence Hines. (2003). ''Pseudoscience and the Paranormal''. Prometheus Books. p. 51. ISBN 978-1573929790〕 There are many cases where apports have been smuggled into the séance room.〔Lewis Spence. (1985). ''Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology''. Gale Research Company. p. 504. ISBN 978-0810301962〕 ==See also== * Teleportation * Psychokinesis * List of topics characterized as pseudoscience 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Apport (paranormal)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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